Transmission of Hepatitis C in HIV-positive populations

via pubmed.gov, by Danta M, Rodger AJ.

Abstract

Purpose of Review
The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV has changed significantly over the past decade. This review will outline the current epidemiology of HCV in HIV infection, focusing on the recent changes and factors which have been related to the increase in HCV transmission in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM).

Recent Findings
Since 2000 there has been recognition in the postindustrialized world that there has been a dramatic rise in the incidence of HCV in HIV-infected MSM. Whereas sexual transmission of HCV remains controversial in the general population, there is increasing evidence that permucosal (sexual and mucosally administered drugs) rather than parenteral risks have become key factors in HCV transmission in HIV-infected MSM. At the most basic level, transmission depends on disruption of a barrier and exposure to infected fluids, usually blood. Whereas transmission factors are often closely entwined, they can be characterized as behavioural and biological factors.

Summary
With an improved understanding of the epidemiology of HCV in this population, interventions by relevant health authorities could be better focused.



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Study confirms international outbreak of sexually transmitted hepatitis C

From CATIE News
Canadian Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be spread in ways similar to HIV, particularly through sharing or receiving the following:

* equipment for substance use
* tattooing needles
* contaminated blood or blood products

HCV infects the liver and can cause inflammation and liver damage. Over a period of many years, liver damage builds up and this organ becomes increasingly dysfunctional. Complications ensue, and in some cases liver cancer occurs. HIV infection appears to accelerate the course of HCV-related disease.

For the past two decades, HCV infection has mostly affected people who share needles to inject street drugs or who have received contaminated blood products, such as clotting factors, before routine testing for HCV was available. Now an international team of researchers has uncovered evidence that HCV has been transmitted sexually, in many cases among HIV positive people. The emergence of a previously unrecognized sexually transmitted germ is troubling and has implications for sexual health and disease prevention programs.

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