Don't Upset This Rectal Microbicide Advocate!

by Mike Peters
IRMA Intern

A couple of weeks ago, I returned to Ohio for a weekend excursion.  The director of the Women's Studies program at my university informed me that I was named Graduate Student of the Year for Women's Studies and that there was a short awards ceremony that I should attend.  In preparation for this ceremony I was asked to dress nice, write a short bio of myself for the Dean of Liberal Arts to read, and to briefly say a few grateful words at the ceremony.

As excited and grateful as I was about this honor, I could not help but wonder what my interaction with the Dean of Liberal Arts would be like.  Perhaps some background information is necessary here.  My university is in Ohio, and Ohio, like so many other states, is facing a lot of economic issues in education.  During my last year on campus extreme budget cutbacks were made to Liberal Arts (while the basketball stadium and the Student Union were remodeled, and the basketball team was taking a trip to Italy).  Not only were these budget cuts devastating, but they were disturbing.  Six program directors, all women, were informed that they were being forced out of their directorships and required to teach additional classes.  These women, from fields that happened to focus on minority issues (Women's Studies, African and African-American Studies, International Studies, and so on), were to also be replaced  by a new dean of interdisciplinary studies that happened to be a white, heterosexual male as a cost-saving measure and way to increase course enrollment revenue.

Now, perhaps the male that would be replacing them had a strong background in interdisciplinary studies and could discuss minority issues with some level authority and expertise.  It was still utterly disturbing that these women were being removed from their leadership roles when they were all six some of the most respected educators on campus.  I suppose this is where my relationship with the Dean gets a little tricky.  In response to these budget cuts, I worked with three other graduate students as we led multiple protests and demonstrations of civil disobedience on campus – including flooding the Dean's office and taking over an intercom system to read The Vagina Monologues to the entire campus.  So my worry about standing with the Dean and listening to him comment on me was well-founded.

Excitedly, I wrote up a short bio of my educational background and my work new work with IRMA and sent it off to my program director.  On the trip there I worked tirelessly to remind myself to be respectful, not to worry, and to make sure I remembered to thank my various professors for their impact on my work.

On the day of the event my fiancé and I arrived at the auditorium and I was immediately informed that my bio had been edited, because it did not seem family-friendly enough as it used words like "anal", "rectal", and "sex".  Horrified by this reality, I was shuffled on stage and to my seat.  Given that I was being honored for Women's Studies I would be the last person receiving my award, since starting with a "W" the program always was at the end for liberal arts ceremonies, which gave me time to either get my visually-angered self calmed down or to let my anger at this injustice grow.  I chose the latter.

From my standpoint, and from my program director's viewpoint I might add, ignoring research and discussion because the word "anal" appears is not only ignorant, but is downright dangerous, as any member of IRMA certainly knows.  Besides, this is the work that I am doing with my degree, it ought to be celebrated.

So I sat… and sat… and sat.  And then the dean called me up to receive my award.  He read my censored bio as I smiled for the crowd.  Then he asked me to come to the podium to say a few grateful things:

"I'm really happy and thankful to be here today.  I'm also really happy that the Dean has given me a chance to talk about my work.  Right now I am working for IRMA, International Rectal Microbicide Advocates, to advocate for the development of rectal and vaginal microbicides in the global fight against HIV.  I'm very thankful that the education I received here has given me the ability to not be silent, and to actively advocate for proper sexual education as well as access to condoms and safe lubricants for vaginal and anal sex.  I mean let's be honest, HIV is still around and unprotected anal sex is major driver of this epidemic because we don't talk about it as actively as we should.  Thanks for hearing me out today."

Nobody freaked out.  The Dean shook my hand and I received my award.  No one walked out or ridiculed me; in fact a few folks told me that they admired my passion.  And in all seriousness, I was incredibly thankful to have the opportunity to speak about IRMA to people that likely had not heard of it before.  Though to be fair, I had better not ask the Dean for a recommendation letter any time soon.

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*Join IRMA's robust, highly-active. moderated, global listserv addressing rectal microbicide research and advocacy as well as other interesting new HIV prevention technologies by contacting us at rectalmicro@gmail.com. Joining our listserv automatically makes you a member of IRMA - a network of more than 1,200 advocates, scientists, policy makers and funders from all over the world.

*Please look for us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/InternationalRectalMicrobicideAdvocates, and you can follow us on Twitter: @rectalmicro.

*Also, please note that shared news items from other sources posted on this blog do not necessarily mean IRMA has taken any position on the article's content.

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TIME SENSITIVE: Have You (or Your Organization) Endorsed Our Global Call to Action on Lubricant Safety Yet?

Have you and/or your organization endorsed the Global Call to Action on Lubricant Safety yet? (lists or endorsers in formation below.)

We are going to be closing the call soon, so please make your move on lube safety NOW.

Click here to read the Call and to endorse.

We must KNOW whether water-based and silicone-based lubricants used during sex are safe or not, whether they cause harm, or not. Right now we don’t know – but we DO have some data that has raised some concerns. These concerns must be addressed through research, the questions we have must be answered.

Make your voice heard – endorse the Call.

ORGANIZATIONS who have endorsed the Call = 159 to date

1.  Abra Advanced Research International Pte Ltd, Singapore
2.  ACON, Australia
3.  Act for Change, Ghana
4.  Act Up/East Bay, USA
5.  ActionAIDS, USA
6.  Adam's Love, Thailand
7.  ADEFHO, Cameroon
8.  Adhikaar, India
9.  Affirmative Action, Cameroon
10. African Alliance for HIV Prevention, South Africa
11. African Men for Sexual Health and Rights (AMSHeR), South Africa
12. Afrique Arc En Ciel, Togo
13. AIDES, France
14. AIDS Community Research Initiative of America, USA
15. AIDS Foundation of Chicago, USA
16. AIDS Project Los Angeles, USA
17. AIDS Services for the Monadnock Region, USA
18. AIDS United, USA
19. AKPAKA Axel, Benin
20. ALPHA Pittsburgh, Inc., USAALPHA Pittsburgh, Inc.
21. ALTERNATIVE CÔTE D'IVOIRE, Cote D’Ivoire
22. Anova Health Institute, South Africa
23. Asia Pacific Coalition on Male Sexual Health, Thailand
24. Asia Pacific Network of Sex Workers, Thailand
25. Astitva - An Organisation for the Support and Development of Sexual Minorities, India
26. Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, Australia
27. AVAC, USA
28. Blue Diamond Society, Nepal
29. Canadian AIDS Society, Canada
30. Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE), Canada
31. Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, Canada
32. Caribbean Association of Midwest America, USA
33. Case/UH Microbicide Clinical Trials Community Advisory Committee, USA
34. Center for Applied Research on Men and Health (CARMAH), Vietnam
35. Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation (CHRR), Malawi
36. Centre for the Development of People, Malawi
37. Chengdu Tongle, China
38. Chicago Female Condom Campaign, USA
39. Chicago Women's AIDS Project, USA
40. Citizen News Service – CNS, India
41. Club des 7jours, Togo
42. C-NET+, Belize
43. Coalition Internationale Sida PLUS, France
44. COCQ-SIDA, Canada
45. COMMUNITY AND FAMILY AID FOUNDATION-GHANA, Ghana
46. Community Information Center, USA
47. CONCEPTO VIH-SIDA E ITS, Mexico
48. Davryan Laboratories, Inc (Probe lubricants), USA
49. Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, South Africa
50. Diversity And Solidairty Trust, Sri Lanka
51. DUH Demonstration for Universal Healthcare, USA
52. Epicentro, Peru
53. Equal Opportunities, Tajikistan
54. Evolve, Cameroon
55. Family Planning Council, USA
56. Fenway Institute at Fenway Health, USA
57. Freedom and Roam Uganda, Uganda
58. Fundacion Manodiversa Bolivia, Bolivia
59. Gala Initiative Uganda, Uganda
60. GALAEI, USA
61. Gay City Health Project, USA
62. Gay Men’s Health Crisis, USA
63. Gay Men's Sexual Health Alliance, Canada
64. Gel Works Pty Ltd, Australia
65. Global Forum on MSM & HIV (MSMGF), USA
66. Global Network of People Living with HIV, North American (GNP+NA), USA
67. Global Network of Sex Work Projects, UK
68. Global Research and Advocacy Group (GRAG), Senegal
69. GlobalGayz.com, USA
70. GrenCHAP Inc., Grenada
71. GWLmuda, Indonesia
72. Health Digest Foundation, Ghana
73. HealthHIV, USA
74. Heroes Project, India
75. HIV Prevention Justice Alliance, USA
76. House of Joe, USA
77. Housing Works, Inc., USA
78. Humanity First Cameroon, Cameroon
79. Hyacinth AIDS Foundation, USA
80. India HIV/AIDS Alliance, India
81. Interagency Coalition on AIDS and Development, Canada
82. International Center for Advocacy on Right to Health, Nigeria
83. International Planned Parenthood Federation, UK
84. International Rectal Microbicide Advocates (IRMA), USA
85. International Youth Council-Nigeria, Nigeria
86. IRMA ALC - América Latina y el Caribe, Peru
87. IRMA Nigeria, Nigeria
88. ISHTAR-MSM, Kenya
89. Iskorak, Croatia
90. Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, Jamaica
91. Johns Hopkins Center for Public Health and Human Rights, USA
92. Joint Adherent Brothers and Sisters Against Aids, Uganda
93. Los Angeles County HIV Drug & Alcohol Task Force, USA
94. Louisiana Latino Health Coalition for HIV/AIDS Awareness, USA
95. MAACA, INC, USA
96. Maritime Life Precious Foundation, Ghana
97. Men Against AIDS Youth Group, Kenya
98. Men For Health and Gender Justice Organisation, Botswana
99. Microbicide Trials Network, USA
100.  Minnesota AIDS Project, USA
101.  MUSC/Lowcountry AIDS Services Consumer Advisory Board, USA
102.  NAM Publications (Aidsmap), UK
103.  National Black Gay Men's Advocacy Coalition, USA
104.  National Minority AIDS Council, USA
105.  Naz Male Health Alliance, Pakistan
106.  New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Nigeria
107.  Okaloosa AIDS support & Informational Services, Inc. (OASIS), USA
108.  PEMA Kenya, Kenya
109.  Penitentiary Initiative, Ukraine
110.  People Like Us (PLUS) Kolkata, India
111.  PeterCares House, USA
112.  POCAAN (People of Color Against AIDS Network), USA
113.  Positive Mind & Body Support Group Network, USA
114.  Positive Women's Network USA, USA
115.  Presbyterian AIDS Network, USA
116.  Pride Equality, Sierra Leone
117.  Pro Health Initiative, Nigeria
118.  Professionals in Pride Kenya (PPK), Kenya
119.  Project Inform, USA
120.  PT Foundation, Malaysia
121.  Puerto Rico Community Network for Clinical Research on AIDS, Puerto Rico
122.  Queer Alliance Nigeria, Nigeria
123.  QUEEROCRACY, USA
124.  Rainbow Community Kampuceah, Cambodia
125.  Rainbow Sunrise Mapambazuko, DR Congo
126.  Rainbow-Ethiopia in Exile (REE), USA
127.  Real Opportunities Network, Ghana
128.  San Antonio AIDS Foundation, USA
129.  San Francisco AIDS Foundation, USA
130.  SEA-AIDS (Asia Pacific eForum on HIV), India
131.  SIBALT, Russia
132.  SID'ADO, Cameroon
133.  Society Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD), Guyana
134.  SOMOSGAY, Paraguay
135.  START at Westminster, USA
136.  Stichting AidsCare, The Netherlands
137.  Tamba Pwani, Kenya
138.  Tanzania Sisi Kwa Sisi Foundation, Tanzania
139.  Terrence Higgins Trust, UK
140.  Test Positive Aware Network, USA
141.  The Center for Sexual Pleasure and Health, USA
142.  The Initiative for Equal Rights, Nigeria
143.  The Mpowerment Project, USA
144.  The Yes Yes Company Ltd, UK
145.  Total Health Empowerment and Development (THEDI), Nigeria
146.  Treatment Action Group, USA
147.  Trigg Laboratories, Inc., USA
148.  Uganda Health and Science Press Association, Uganda
149.  UNITED AND STRONG INC, Saint Lucia
150.  Vivir. Participacion, Incidencia y Transparencia, A.C., Mexico
151.  Vote For Health Campaign, India
152.  We For Civil Equality NGO, Armenia
153.  William Way LGBT Community Center, USA
154.  Women`s Health, HIV and AIDS Southern Africa, Zimbabwe
155.  Womenplus Against TB and HIV in Kenya, Kenya
156.  Women's Health and Equal Rights Initiative, Nigeria
157.  Woodhull Sexual Freedom Alliance, USA
158.  World AIDS Forum, Australia
159.  Youth Voices Count, Thailand

Endorse.

INDIVIDUALS who have endorsed the Call = 310 to date

1.  Adam Fairris, UK
2.  Ako Cyriaque Yapo, Senegal
3.  Alan Johnson, USA
4.  Alapini Max, Benin
5.  Alberto Abello, USA
6.  Alex Carballo-Dieguez, USA
7.  Alicia Gauvin, USA
8.  Allison Boyd, USA          
9.  Amoussou Damien, Togo
10.  Andrew Reynolds, USA
11.  Angel Luis Hernández, Puerto Rico
12.  Ann Jones, USA              
13.  Ann Joseph, USA
14.  Anna Forbes, USA         
15.  Anna Saeger, USA
16.  Anne Lehocky, USA      
17.  Antonio Gonzalez, USA
18.  Arick Buckles, United States
19.  Ben Bavinton, Australia
20.  Ben Clapham, USA
21.  Ben Wilcock, Australia
22.  Bertram Johnson, United States
23.  Beth Galaska Burzuk, USA          
24.  Bi Petex, Uganda
25.  Bisi Alimi, United Kingdom
26.  Blake Smith, UK
27.  Bobby Ramakant, India
28.  Brian Kanyemba, South Africa
29.  Brian M. Green, USA
30.  Brian White, South Africa
31.  Briana Morgan, United States
32.  Brooke Willis, USA         
33.  Butch McKay, USA                         
34.  Cameron Wolf, USA
35.  Caren Kirkland, USA      
36.  Carlos Vela, Peru            
37.  Carrie E .Foote, USA
38.  Cassandra Warren, USA              
39.  Cassie Bayside, Australia
40.  Celina Londono, USA
41.  Champion Phiri, South Africa
42.  Chanthorn Phorng, Cambodia
43.  Charlene Dezzutti, USA
44.  Charles, Uganda             
45.  Chheav Aphyra, Cambodia
46.  Chiranjivi Amgai, Nepal
47.  Chris Bartlett, USA
48.  Christian Rumu, United States
49.  Christopher B. Duerkes, USA
50.  Chull Sesugh Stanley, Nigeria
51.  Clare Collins, USA
52.  Clayton Ruley, USA
53.  Collins Seymah Smith, Ghana
54.  Cory Silverberg, Canada              
55.  Courtney McCrellias, USA
56.  Dahlia Ferlito, USA
57.  Dan Kilbane, USA
58.  Dana Loxley, Australia  
59.  Dana Nelson, USA
60.  Daniel MacDonald, USA
61.  Daramola Christianah, Nigeria
62.  Darrel Johnson, United States
63.  David Acosta, USA
64.  David G Ostrow, USA
65.  David Kuria, Kenya
66.  David Phillips, USA         
67.  Deb Tolenaar, USA
68.  Deirdre Grant, USA       
69.  Denis Efremov, Russia
70.  Derrick Mapp, USA
71.  Don Pults, USA
72.  Donald MacIver, USA
73.  Donn Colby, Vietnam   
74.  Doug Brown, UK
75.  Doug McColeman, Canada
76.  Douglas Masinde, Kenya
77.  Douglas Warzyn, USA   
78.  Douomong Yotta Serge, Cameroon
79.  Dr Stuart Koe, Singapore
80.  Dr. Michael W. Plankey, USA
81.  Dredge Kang, USA
82.  Drew  Nannini, United States
83.  Duncan Japhta Khothatso Moeketse, South Africa
84.  Durueke Florita, Nigeria
85.  Dustin Kight, USA
86.  Ed Wolf, USA
87.  Edie O'Connor, United States
88.  Edward Fuchs, USA
89.  Edward Iwanicki, USA
90.  Eniko Akom, USA
91.  Eric Arnold Fopossi, Cameroon
92.  Eric Evans, USA
93.  Eric M Glare, Australia  
94.  Erich Schneider Ormeño, Peru
95.  Erik Libey, USA
96.  Erik Streeter, USA
97.  Ernest MOSEKI, Botswana
98.  Essiomle Ethie, Togo
99.  Eva Westley, United States
100.  Fiona Hale, UK
101.  Gabriel Boichat, Spain
102.  Gail Broder, USA
103.  Garland Wood, USA      
104.  Garry Brough, UK
105.  Gary Paul Wright, USA
106.  Gbekou, Togo
107.  Gennady Roshchupkin, Russia
108.  George Kerr, USA          
109.  George Miller-Zauner, USA
110.  George Pappas, USA
111.  George Reginald Freeman, Sierra Leone
112.  George Victor O, Kenya
113.  Georges S., Togo
114.  Georges Sideris, France
115.  Gerard Nkundimana, Rwanda  
116.  Gina Brown, USA
117.  Glenn Kornblum, USA  
118.  Gregg Kimball, USA
119.  Hanna Hjord, USA          
120.  Hannah Graves, Canada
121.  Heidi Nass, USA
122.  Heidi Wesbrock, USA   
123.  Helen, USA
124.  Henrieese Roberts, USA
125.  Hugo Dann, Canada
126.  Ian Lemieux, US             
127.  Ivan Cruickshank, Jamaica          
128.  J. Jeff McConnell, USA 
129.  Jace Dyckman, USA
130.  Jack Cox, USA
131.  Jade Patten, USA
132.  James Carrington, United States
133.  James Komar, United States
134.  Jamie Roberts, USA
135.  Jamie Sims, USA
136.  Jason Jacobs, USA
137.  Jason King , USA             
138.  Jean-Michel Brevelle, USA
139.  Jeff Berry, USA
140.  Jeffrey Pope, USA         
141.  Jennifer A. Hawley, USA
142.  Jeremy Kwan, Malaysia
143.  Jerome Galea, USA       
144.  Jeton Ademaj, USA
145.  Jim Cosenza, USA
146.  Jim Eigo, USA
147.  Jim Merrell, USA            
148.  Jim Pickett, USA
149.  Joan Tallada, Spain
150.  John Andrews, USA
151.  John Hamiga, USA         
152.  John Kashiha, Tanzania
153.  John McAllister, Botswana
154.  John Peller, USA             
155.  Jorge Gutierrez, USA
156.  Jorge Yon, Peru
157.  Joseph Alfano, USA
158.  Joseph Walker, USA
159.  Joyce Hunter, USA
160.  Jules Eloundou Atamba, Cameroon
161.  Julian Sanjivan, USA      
162.  Julie Davids, United States
163.  Kadiri Audu, Nigeria
164.  Karen Creary, USA         
165.  Karon Stephen, France
166.  Kasha Jacqueline, Uganda
167.  Kate Alexander, USA
168.  Kate Morrow, USA
169.  Kay Marshall, USA
170.  Kees Rümke, The Netherlands
171.  Keith Gereffi, USA
172.  Kelly Curran, USA
173.  Kennedy Otieno Olango, Kenya              
174.  Kenny, USA
175.  Kent Klindera, United States
176.  Kevin DeLuca, USA
177.  Kevin McKenzie, USA
178.  Kieta D. Mutepfa, USA
179.  Krishna Stone, USA
180.  Kyon Saucier, USA
181.  Larry Baxter, Canada    
182.  Laurel Sprague, United States
183.  Laxmi Narayan Tripathi, India
184.  Leo Schenk, The Netherlands
185.  Lillibeth Gonzalez, USA
186.  Linda Watson, Canada
187.  Loren Jones, United States
188.  Luis Galarza, Ecuador    
189.  Mac-Darling Cobbinah, Ghana  
190.  Maheswar Satpathy, Australia 
191.  Marc-André LeBlanc, Canada    
192.  Marcelo Maia, USA       
193.  Margaret Onah, Nigeria
194.  Marie Camacho, USA   
195.  Marie Omorodion, USA
196.  Mark Hubbard, USA      
197.  Mark Ing, USA 
198.  Mark S. King, USA          
199.  Marlon Woodward, USA
200.  Martha Tholanah, Zimbabwe
201.  Mary Brewster, United States
202.  Mathew Rodriguez, USA
203.  Matt Bray, USA
204.  Matthew Franck, USA
205.  Matthew Rose, USA
206.  Matthew Vaughan, Thailand
207.  Melanie A Reese, USA
208.  Michael Louella , USA   
209.  Michael Luciano, USA
210.  Michael Moore, USA    
211.  Michael Trigg, USA
212.  Mike Kennedy, Australia            
213.  Mike Peters, USA
214.  Mombunza Azuba, DR CONGO
215.  Monique Newell, USA 
216.  Morenike Ukpong, Nigeria        
217.  Muriel Visser, France   
218.  Mykaila Ostrom, USA
219.  Mykal Welch, Belize
220.  N. Nash, USA
221.  Naigaga Lillian Mutengu, Uganda
222.  Nathan Solomon, USA 
223.  Nicholas Bates, Australia
224.  Nnamani Ikechukwu Sammy, Nigeria
225.  Olumide Makanjuola, Nigeria
226.  Omullo Paul, Kenya
227.  Orbit Clanton, USA
228.  Otis Richardson, USA
229.  Patricia Segura, Peru
230.  Patrick French, USA
231.  Paul Causey, Thailand
232.  Pedro Goicochea, USA
233.  Penny DeNoble, USA
234.  Pham Thi Hanh Van, Vietnam
235.  Phillis Washington, USA
236.  Pilot Mathambo, Botswana
237.  Prince N. Bahati, Kenya
238.  Ramon Nunez III, USA
239.  Rebecca Giguere, USA 
240.  Remigus Emodi, Nigeria
241.  Rev. Charles Straight, USA
242.  Ricardo Jimenez, USA
243.  Richard Coover, USA
244.  Rita Lisa Labbett, US     
245.  Rob Camp, Spain
246.  Robert Aponte, USA
247.  Robert Birch, Canada
248.  Roger Cunha, USA
249.  Roger Pebody, UK         
250.  Roger Prasad, Canada
251.  Roger Tatoud, UK          
252.  Roy Wadia, India            
253.  Rukia Ahmed, Kenya
254.  S. Wakefield, USA
255.  Santiago Palomino, Peru
256.  Sasha Gear, South Africa
257.  Scot More, USA
258.  Scott Robertson, Zambia             
259.  Sedar, Benin
260.  Sergio Farfan, USA
261.  Shawn Decker, United States
262.  Shayna Buhler, Canada
263.  Shivani Thaker, USA
264.  Shreena, India 
265.  Sibusiso, South Africa
266.  Simon Odiwuor, Kenya
267.  Siobhan Fee, UK
268.  Solomon, Kenya
269.  Srun Srorn, Cambodia
270.  Steave Nemande, Cameroon
271.  Stephen Karpiak PhD, United States
272.  Stephen McGill, Liberia
273.  Stephen Miller-Zauner, USA
274.  Steve Miralles, Peru     
275.  Steven S. Muchnick, PhD
276.  Stuart Koe, Singapore
277.  Sue Saltmarsh, USA      
278.  Suman Nepal, Nepal
279.  Suraj Madoori, USA
280.  Susan Forrest, USA       
281.  Susan Lloyd Yolen, USA
282.  Susie Hoffman, USA
283.  Sylvie Rouby, France  
284.  Tendai F Mbengeranwa Mhaka, Zimbabwe
285.  Terence Roethlein, United States
286.  Teresa Springer, USA
287.  TG Green, USA
288.  Thandi Maluka, South Africa
289.  Theresa Rubin, USA      
290.  Thomas Haig, Canada
291.  Tiedjou Joseph Achille, Cameroon
292.  Timothy Frasca, USA     
293.  Timothy Kee, United States
294.  Titcha Ho, USA
295.  Trenado, France
296.  Trevor Pearson, USA
297.  Troy, USA
298.  Tung Duy Bui, Thailand
299.  Udom Likhitwonnawut, Thailand
300.  Vanessa Smith, USA
301.  Victor Rollins, Bahamas
302.  Vikram, USA
303.  Wanda Brendle-Moss, USA
304.  Wanda Commander, USA
305.  Will Wilson, USA
306.  William Booth, Canada
307.  Wolf Graf, Australia
308.  Yolanda, USA   
309.  Zoe Duby, South Africa
310.  Zoran Dominkovic, Croatia

Endorse. 

-------------------

*Join IRMA's robust, highly-active. moderated, global listserv addressing rectal microbicide research and advocacy as well as other interesting new HIV prevention technologies by contacting us at rectalmicro@gmail.com. Joining our listserv automatically makes you a member of IRMA - a network of more than 1,200 advocates, scientists, policy makers and funders from all over the world.

*Please look for us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/InternationalRectalMicrobicideAdvocates, and you can follow us on Twitter: @rectalmicro.

*Also, please note that shared news items from other sources posted on this blog do not necessarily mean IRMA has taken any position on the article's content.

-------------------

Anal health is not just a gay issue: Women need rectal microbicides too

via Citizen News Service, by Bobby Ramakant

"It is high time that anal health and hygiene comes out of the closet" said Dr Ross Cranston from University of Pittsburgh, USA. Dr Cranston was referring to the multitude of anal health complications people practicing receptive anal sex are likely to be dealing with in their lives and very little quality care and products that exist to relieve them. The awareness level in people (women, men, transgender women) who reported to practice receptive anal sex was abysmally low.

Zero per cent of such respondents had knowledge related to their anal cancer risk, and just half of them knew about Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV - the virus that causes genital herpes). Awareness certainly needs to be upped in people practicing receptive anal sex.

 

Read the rest.

-------------------
*Join IRMA's robust, highly-active. moderated, global listserv addressing rectal microbicide research and advocacy as well as other interesting new HIV prevention technologies by contacting us at rectalmicro@gmail.com. Joining our listserv automatically makes you a member of IRMA - a network of more than 1,100 advocates, scientists, policy makers and funders from all over the world.

*Please look for us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/InternationalRectalMicrobicideAdvocates, and you can follow us on Twitter: @rectalmicro.

*Also, please note that shared news items from other sources posted on this blog do not necessarily mean IRMA has taken any position on the article's content.
-------------------

Researchers Stress the Importance of Screening Women for Precancerous Anal Lesions

via AIDSmeds, by Tim Horn

Results from a study conducted in the Bronx, New York, serve as an important reminder to HIV care providers: Comprehensive screening for precancerous anal lesions isn’t of importance only to HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). According to the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes report by researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, precancerous lesions are also common among women living with HIV—and testing for them using anal swabs alone may not be sufficient to rule out problems requiring biopsies.

Numerous studies have noted high rates of anal cancer among MSM. According to one study cited by June Hou, MD, and her colleagues at Albert Einstein, the incidence of anal cancer among MSM is 10 to 50 times that of the general population and comparable to cervical cancer incidence rates before the implementation of now-routine screening practices.

Among HIV-positive women, some studies put the incidence of anal cancer at seven to 28 times greater than the general population. Though the incidence of anal cancer has not been nearly as well studied in HIV-positive women compared with HIV-positive MSM, the confirmed higher rates of precancerous lesions—which can occur among women living with HIV, even if they’ve never engaged in anal sexual intercourse—remain a concern.

Yet there is no consensus between national and local groups on anal cancer screening among people living with HIV, either male or female. “Since 2007,” Hou and her colleague explain, “the New York State Department of Health (NYS DOH) has recommended annual anal cytology”—Dacron swabs analyzed by a laboratory—“in HIV-infected subjects with a history of [anal warts] or with abnormal cervical/vulvar histology, along with referral for high resolution anoscopy (HRA) in those with abnormal anal cytology or abnormal findings on anal exam. In contrast, the Department of Health and Human Services guidelines discourage screening and treatment programs for [anal intraepithelial neoplasia, or AIN] due to a lack of complete understanding of the relative harms and benefits of anal cytology screening.”

In turn, to better understand the incidence of precancerous anal lesions and the value of routine anal cytology, Hou and her colleagues conducted a study among women in the Bronx, which has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the country, representing 3 percent of the total U.S. HIV burden.

Read the Rest.


[If an item is not written by an IRMA member, it should not be construed that IRMA has taken a position on the article's content, whether in support or in opposition.]

From Tuskegee to Transparency: An Evolution in the Ethics and Accountability of Clinical Trials Involving Human Subjects

via RH Reality Check, by Anna Forbes and Kate Ryan

People who participate in clinical trials take the enormous step of volunteering to test a product that may be useful and, sometimes, life-saving if it turns out to be effective. They play an irreplaceable role in research to prevent, treat, and sometimes cure illness – as well as to find other ways to improve people’s health and lives.

Trial participants make a profoundly personal contribution and accept potential medical, social, and personal risks on behalf of others. An ethical trial is one that eliminates or minimizes participants’ risks as much as possible, invests in making sure that participants understand clearly what they are volunteering for, and protects their rights at every step.

For example, without clinical trials, we would not have seen recent advances in antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV, long-acting contraceptive choices that allow women greater control over their use, or microbicides that may be able to protect women from HIV.

The United States government has rules to protect people who participate in federally-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The rules vary depending on which agency is supporting the research, but they all share a starting point known as the Common Rule, a set of regulations for all federally-funded research involving human participants, whether it is conducted inside or outside the U.S.

But those rules have not always been in place, and there are some shameful chapters in the history of medical research supported by the United States that include violations of the most basic standards of ethical behavior. This history has left some people deeply suspicious of clinical trials and the motives of those who conduct them. Many explain their suspicion with one word: “Tuskegee.”

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[If an item is not written by an IRMA member, it should not be construed that IRMA has taken a position on the article's content, whether in support or in opposition.]

Why So Anal about Pleasure?

Via EmpowHer, by Hannah Cutts.

Whether you are a committed fan, a non-subscriber, or have been considering engaging in anal play, I believe it is a subject that women should make an effort to include in their sexual awareness and conversations, even if only to expand their education on the female body and become resources for friends/family members who may have questions about the behavior.

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Survey of Family Growth, anal sex between heterosexual partners has been on the rise over the past decade. In 1992, 20.4 percent of women reported engaging in anal sex with a male partner, while in 2005, 32.6 percent indicated they include anal in part of their heterosexual repertoire (New York Magazine, 2006). While anal sex has historically been associated with gay couples, it is clear that people who enjoy sex with the opposite gender have adopted the practice, perhaps finally realizing what they have been missing out on. It is time for women—straight, gay and anywhere in between—to get the facts on anal play and what makes it worthwhile.

The bottom line is, like your vagina, your anus is packed with sensitive nerve endings that feel great when touched or stimulated. Although experimenting with this somewhat fragile opening is not necessarily a stand-alone endeavor (it requires some foreplay and careful lubrication), gentle exploration of the anus is a tremendous complement to other pleasure-giving (think cunnilingus). By slowly introducing the stimulation of this third hole into your sexual repertoire one step (or to be more accurate, one finger) at a time, you are opening yourself up to sensations that you won’t feel with vaginal-only penetration. Many sources suggest you begin simply with a massage of the anal opening, an action that carries almost no risk and allows both partners to get comfortable with the touch.

Read the rest here.

[If an item is not written by an IRMA member, it should not be construed that IRMA has taken a position on the article's content, whether in support or in opposition.]

HIV Prevention in Women Requires a Full Toolbox

Via Medscape, by Emily Paulsen.

Women account for more than 50% of the worldwide AIDS epidemic, and a disproportionate number of those women are people of color. In the United States, black women make up a growing share of new AIDS cases; the rate for black women is nearly 20 times the rate for white women.

Although these statistics are dire, new research, presented here at the National Medical Association 2011 Annual Convention and Scientific Assembly, offers hope that the tide will turn on HIV transmission.

"This has been an amazing year for HIV research," Gina Brown, MD, told meeting attendees. Dr. Brown coordinates research on microbicides at the Office of AIDS Research, part of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. She offered a "walk-through of some of the interesting things we've learned about what puts women at risk for HIV, and some of the interventions available."

The biggest news in HIV prevention, reported recently at the 6th International AIDS Society (IAS) Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, has been the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce the risk for transmission, according to Dr. Brown. The HPTN 052 study showed a 96% reduction in transmission in serodiscordant couples in which the HIV-positive partner received early ART. In another study, once-daily tenofovir/emtricitabine (Truvada, Gilead Sciences) resulted in a 44% reduction in HIV transmission in men and transgender women who have sex with men. In that study, those who adhered to their medications at least 90% of the time achieved a 73% reduction in HIV transmission.

Dr. Brown pointed out that the couples in many of these studies were in steady relationships and volunteered to participate in the study. "Does this sound like the patients you see in your practice?" she asked the audience. She also said that costs and adverse effects might affect the practicality of this solution for many patients.

"When can we give up condoms?," she asked, answering that it would not likely be any time soon.

Dr. Brown said a full HIV prevention toolbox is still needed to reduce the risk for transmission. Education, partner reduction, treatment for sexually transmitted infections, condoms, circumcision, 1% tenofovir gel, and ART all offer varying amounts of protection. All interventions offer only harm reduction at this point, she said, not full protection.

Read the rest here.

[If an item is not written by an IRMA member, it should not be construed that IRMA has taken a position on the article's content, whether in support or in opposition.]

HPV and Anal Cancer in Older Women: Risk and Prevention

via Women's Voices for Change, by Patricia Yarberry Allen, M.D.

Excerpt:

Although it has not been documented rigorously, there is a reason to believe that anal cancer could develop very much the way cervical cancer does. The change in the cells begins with mild atypica, progresses to more serious abnormal change (mild, moderate and severe dysplasia), before developing into frank anal cancer. Doctors have known about the relationship of HPV and anal cancer from long experience with gay men, who have a high incidence of this cancer due to receptive anal sex practice. We need the expertise of these physicians, now that HPV has been recognized to be a growing concern for women and recognized as a cause of cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer and is now publicly discussed as a cause of anal and oral cancer.

It is important that colo-rectal surgeons develop expertise in high-resolution anoscopy and an interest in recognizing abnormal change at an early stage. Gynecologists are specially trained in colposcopy to view and recognized abnormal cellular patterns that can be biopsied, diagnosed, and treated.  It takes time and training to become very good at these procedures.

At the moment, there is no consensus among our specialities about how to monitor for and evaluate the presence of anal HPV. An HPV swab test can be done in the anal area. Pap smears can be done in this area. But there are no national guidelines for primary care doctors about when to do these tests, and no guidelines about what to do with the results. We don’t have a treatment protocol for anal dysplasia that is universally used.

The result is that women with high-risk HPV of the genital area are almost never tested for anal HPV, even if the woman expresses concern about her risk. That means that cells that could be treated earlier, before there is frank malignancy, are not found.

We don’t want women to wait for a diagnosis until they have rectal bleeding or a feeling that there is a constant fullness in the anal area. These are symptoms of many benign diseases but also the symptoms of anal cancer. We have to have a plan based on what is known and what evaluations are available.

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[If an item is not written by an IRMA member, it should not be construed that IRMA has taken a position on the article's content, whether in support or in opposition.]

Heterosexual anal sex reported by women receiving HIV prevention services in Los Angeles County

Womens Health Issues. 2010 Nov-Dec;20(6):414-9.

Heterosexual anal sex reported by women receiving HIV prevention services in Los Angeles County.

Reynolds GL, Fisher DG, Napper LE, Fremming BW, Jansen MA.

California State University, Long Beach, Center for Behavioral Research and Services, Long Beach, California 90813, USA. greynol2@csulb.edu

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study examined reported heterosexual receptive anal intercourse (HRAI) in a sample of women recruited from HIV prevention providers in Los Angeles County.

METHODS: The majority of women surveyed were Latina and the modal age was 19 years. Women reporting HRAI were more likely to use both injected and non injected drugs and to have sexual partners who injected drugs.

RESULTS: Factors associated with HRAI in a multivariate regression model included use of methamphetamine; use of alcohol before, during, or after sex; and use of dental services at the interview agency. Factors inversely associated with heterosexual anal sex were being African American (compared with Latina) and endorsing the use of condoms for episodes of vaginal sex from start to finish.

CONCLUSION: HIV prevention providers in Los Angeles County should be aware of the need for basic prevention messages concerning condom use and injection behavior in young Latina women.



[If an item is not written by an IRMA member, it should not be construed that IRMA has taken a position on the article's content, whether in support or in opposition.]

Via IPS Kenya: "More Men Preventing HIV Transmission to their Unborn Children"

From IPS, by Isaiah Esipisu

Pastor Joseph Muhembeli and his wife, Beatrice, queue at the Vihiga health centre with their six-month-old daughter for their prevention of mother-to-child treatment (PMTCT). But before long, as per the clinic’s policy, the couple are whisked to the front of the line – all because Muhembeli has accompanied his wife for the treatment.

The couple tested HIV-positive four years ago. But thanks to the Muhembeli’s involvement with the PMTCT programme, their six-month-old daughter has tested HIV-negative.

"For two years now, we have been encouraging male participation in the prevention of mother-to-child treatment of HIV. And that is why we give special treatment to all men who accompany their wives to either pre- or postnatal clinics," said Martha Opisa, the nurse in charge at the health centre.

Opisa said the Vihiga health centre used to receive about 40 clients a month seeking PMTCT services before men got actively involved in the pre- and postnatal clinics. "But now we now receive between 60 and 70 clients per month, almost doubling the original figure," she said.

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Unprotected Anal Intercourse and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in High-Risk Heterosexual Women

via American Journal of Public Health


Objectives. We examined the association between unprotected anal intercourse and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among heterosexual women.

Methods. In 2006 through 2007, women were recruited from high-risk areas in New York City through respondent-driven sampling as part of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance study. We used multiple logistic regression to determine the relationship between unprotected anal intercourse and HIV infection and past-year STD diagnosis.

Results. Of the 436 women studied, 38% had unprotected anal intercourse in the past year. Unprotected anal intercourse was more likely among those who were aged 30 to 39 years, were homeless, were frequent drug or binge alcohol users, had an incarcerated sexual partner, had sexual partners with whom they exchanged sex for money or drugs, or had more than 5 sexual partners in the past year. In the logistic regression, women who had unprotected anal intercourse were 2.6 times as likely as women who had only unprotected vaginal intercourse and 4.2 times as likely as women who had neither unprotected anal nor unprotected vaginal intercourse to report an STD diagnosis. We found no significant association between unprotected anal intercourse andHIV infection.

Conclusions. Increased screening for history of unprotected anal intercourse and, for those who report recent unprotected anal intercourse, counseling and testing for HIV and STDs would likely reduce STD infections.

For the full study click here.